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Approached by Sea:

Approached by Sea:
Early American Maritime History – History BC 3424x
Fall 2008
Milbank 327/M-W 2:40 – 3:55

Mr. McCaughey, Lehman 415 C

(ram31@columbia.edu)

 

Readings – Required and Related

 

 

1. For September 3 – Introduction

Frederick Jackson Turner, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” [1894]

     for digital version, see Neptune’s Needle  -- http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/maritime/

 

W. Jeffrey Bolster, “Putting the Ocean in Atlantic History: Maritime Communities and Marine Ecology in the Northwest Atlantic, 1500-1800,”
    American Historical Review, Vol. 113, No. 1 (February 2008), 19-47.


Related Reading

 

Karen Wigin, Peregrine Horden, Nicholas Purcell, Alison Games and Matt K. Matsuda., “AHR Forum: Oceans of History,”
      American Historical Review, Vol. 111, No. 3 (June 2006),  758-780

 

Daniel Finamore, ed., Maritime History as World History (UPress of Florida, 2004)

 

Robert A. McCaughey, “By Any Other Name: The Freshening of American Maritime History,” The New-York Journal of American History
     (Fall 2008), in press.


       

2. For September 8 – Our Watery  Planet


Nathaniel Bowditch, American Practical Navigator  [Bowditch Online],
                                 Chapter 31 – The Oceans

                                 Chapter 32 – Ocean Currents
                                
 Chapter.
9 – Tides and Tidal Currents

 

Related

 

The Book of Genesis,”  I, 1-31, The Bible

Related Readings on Local Waters

 

Joseph Mitchell, “The Bottom of the Harbor,” The New Yorker (1959), reprinted in Mitchell,
    Up in the Old Hotel (Vintage, 1993)

John Waldman, Heartbeats in the Muck: The History, Sea Life and Environment of New
     York
Harbor
(Lyons Press, 1999)


William Kornblum, At Sea in the City: New York Form the Water’s Edge (Algonquin, 2002)


3. For September 10 – Boats and Sails

Irwin Unger, “5. The Invention of the Ship,” in The Ship in the Medieval Economy, 600-
     1600 (1980), 201-250. [ACLS E-History Book]

 

Related

Homer, “Book Three,” The Odyssey, (Robert Fagles translation), 457-475
     http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/beatldb/file_dir/maritime/primary/homerexcerpts_.doc
 
4. For September 15 – Aids to Navigation

 

Nathaniel Bowditch, “Chapter 7. Dead Reckoning,”

 

Frederic C. Lane, “The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass,”

    American Historical Review, Vol. 68 (Fall 1963)

5. For September 17Europe Sails Forth

 

Letter of Giovanni da Verrazzano to King Francis I, July 8, 1524, digital version
        in Neptune’s Needle  [Verrazzano”]

 

Related Sources on the Maritime Traditions Beyond Europe
:
George Hourani, Arabic Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval
     Times  (Princeton, 1951)

 

Gavin Menzies, 1421: The Year China Discovered America (2002)


Robert Finlay, “How Not to (Re)Write History: Gavin Menzies and the Chinese
     Discovery of America,” Journal of World History  15 (2004), 229-242


Janet L. Abu-Lughad, Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350
     (1989)

 

Felipe Fernandez Armesto, Pathfinders: A Global History of Expansion (Norton, 2006)

 

6. For September 22 – Coming Ashore, I: Roanoke and the Chesapeake

 

Edmund S. Morgan, “Dreams of Liberation” and “The Lost Colony,” in American
     Slavery, American Freedom (Norton, 1975) 

 

Related Letters from Roanoke:


     Philip Amadas, Narrative of Philip Amadas [1584]

     Richard Grenville, Narrative of Richard Grenville [1585]
     Ralph Lane, Narrative [1585]

     Thomas Harriot,  Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia [1590]
                Includes the John White/Theorore de Bry illustrations

 

Related Letters from Virginia


John Smith,  A True Relation (1608)

 

Related Secondary Reading:

April Lee Hatfield, Atlantic Virginia:  Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century (U Penn Press, 2004)

 

Carville V. Earle, “Environment, Disease, and Mortality in Early Virginia,” Thad W.
     Tate and David Ammerman, eds., The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century (UNC
     Press, 1979), 96-125

 

Karen  O. Kupperman, “Fear of Hot Climates in the Anglo-American Colonial
     Experience, “
William and Mary Quarterly, Vol  41, # 2  (April 1984 ), 213-240

 

Arthur P. Middleton, Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era ([1953]
       Johns Hopkins, 1984)

 

John Seelye, Prophetic Waters: The River in Early American Life and Literature (1977)

7. For September 24 – The Invention of Maritime New England

 

Required Secondary Readings

William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647,
      Ch. 8 [“the Troubles at Sea”and Ch. 9 [“How They Passed the Sea”]

 

John Winthrop, Account of the Arbella passage (May-July 1630) 

http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/beatldb/file_dir/maritime/primary/winthroppassagel.htm

 

 

Required Secondary Readings:

John R. Stilgoe, “The New England Coastal Wilderness,” The Geographical Review ,
     Vol. 71 (January 1981), 33-50

 

David Cressy, “Vast and Furious Ocean: The Passage to Puritan New England,”
     New England Quarterly Vol. 57 (1984), 511-532

 

W. Jeffrey Bolster, “Putting the Ocean in Atlantic History: Maritime Communities and Marine Ecology in the Northwest Atlantic, 1500-1800,”
    American Historical Review, Vol. 113, No. 1 (February 2008), 19-47.


Related Primary Readings

 

Roger Williams, A Key to the Language of America (1643)


Cotton Mather,  Magnalia Christi Americana, Book # 6 [Relating Wonderful Sea
      Deliverances]


Related Secondary Reading:

 

Nathaniel Philbrick, Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War (Viking, 2006)

Bernard Bailyn, The New England Merchant in the 17th Century (Harvard UP, 1955)

Bernard and Lotte Bailyn, Massachusetts Shipping, 1697-1714: A Statistical Study (Harvard University Press, 1959)


Daniel Vickers, Farmers & Fishermen: Two Centuries of Work in Essex County, Massachusetts, 1630-1850
    (North Carolina, 1994)

8. For September 29Mid-Atlantic Beginnings & Finding Places in the Atlantic World

 

Required Primary Readings


Robert Juet, with Henry Hudson in 1609, http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs216a1v,0,919043.story


Benjamin Franklin, “Log of 1726 Atlantic Passage from London to Philadelphia”

 

Benjamin Franklin, “Log of  1757 Atlantic Passage from New York to Falmouth, England,” as per his Autobiography

 

Related Secondary Accounts

Russell Shorto,  The Island at the Center of the World (Vintage, 2005) [on Dutch New York]

T.H. Breen, Imagining the Past: East Hampton Histories (Addison-Wesley, 1989)


Robert C. Ritchie, Captain Kidd and the War Against the Pirates (Harvard UP, 1986)

 

Donna Merwick, Possessing Albany, 1630-1710: The Dutch and English Experience
     (Cambridge UP, 1990)

 

Mark Kurlansky, The Big Oyster: History on the Half-Shell (Ballantine Books, 2006)

 

Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625-1742 (1938, 1966),

    especially Chs. VI (“The Economic Pattern”) and X (“Commercial Rivalries’)

 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. October 1 – First Hour Examination

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. For October 6   Maritime America in 1750

 

 “Log of the Slaveship Polly, 1764-65, Brown University website

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano [1789] –
       digital version http://history.hanover.edu/texts/equiano/equiano_contents.html

 

Related Seconding Readings

Marcus Rediker, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates,
      and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750 (1987)

 

David S. Cecelski, The Waterman’s Song: Slavery and Freedom in Maritime North Carolina
     (North Carolina, 2001)

 

T.H. Breen,  Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve
     of the Revolution (Princeton, 2001), esp. “Planters and Merchants: a Kind of
    Friendship,” pp. 84-123 [ACLS E-Book]

 

11. For October 8 – Dockside Grievances

 

Primary Readings:
Stephen Hopkins, “An Essay on the Trade of the Northern Colonies” (1764)

 

The Boston Port Bill, 1774

 

The Suffolk Resolves

 

Thomas Paine, Common Sense, esp.”Miscellaneous Reflections on America’s 
     Maritime Prospects” (1776)

Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence [1776]

 

Related Secondary Readings:
Jesse Lemisch, Jack Tar in the Streets: Merchant Seamen in the Politics of
       Revolutionary America
,
William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 25 (July 1968), 371-  
       407.

 

Paul Gilje, “Liberty and Loyalty: The Ambiguous Patriotism of Jack Tar in the American
     Revolution,” Pennsylvania History, 67 (2000), 165-193 

 

Evan Thomas,  John Paul Jones: Sailor, Hero, Father of the American Navy (Simon & Schuster, 2003)

 

Richard Buel, Jr., In Irons: Britain’s Naval Supremacy and the American Revolutionary Economy (Yale, 1998)

 

Thomas M. Doerflinger, A Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise; Merchants and Economic
      Development in Revolutionary Philadelphia  (UNC Press, 1986)

 

12. October 15 – Federalism and the “Navigational Interest”

 

Primary Readings:

The Constitution of the United States [1787]

Alexander Hamilton, “Federalist # 11”, in The Federalist Papers (1788)

 

 

13. For October 20 – The Jeffersonian Turn Inward

Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia [1781],  Queries II, III, XIX

 

Thomas Jefferson to Robert R. Livingston, April 18, 1802 [on the importance
        of New Orleans to the US]

 

Thomas Jefferson to Meriwether Lewis, June 20, 1803 [Instructions for surveying
    the Louisiana Purchase]

 

14. For October 22 – The War of 1812 and the Idea of an American Navy

 

Primary Readings:

The Embargo Act, December 22, 1807

 

James Madison, “War Message,  June 1, 1812

Report and Resolutions of the Hartford Convention, January 4, 1815

 

[John Quincy Adams] “The Monroe Doctrine,” Address,

 

Related Secondary Readings:


Kenneth Hagan, This People’s Navy: The Making of American Sea Power (1990)

George Daughan, If By Sea: The Founding of the American Navy – From the Revolution to the War of 1812
     (Basic Books, 2008)

 

 Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (1881)

 

15. October 27 – Inward Waters  & the Waning of the Navigational Interest in American Politics

Primary Readings:

Albert Gallatin, Report on Roads and Canals [1808]


DeWitt Clinton,  Memorial of the Citizens of New York, in Favour of a Canal Navigation
       between the Great Western Lakes and Tide-waters of the Hudson. ( 1816)

     

US Supreme Court, Gibbons v. Ogden (9 Wheaton 1), 1824

Related Secondary Readings:

Peter L. Bernstein, Wedding of the Waters: The Erie Canal and theMaking of a Great
     Nation (2005)

Robert W. Fogel, Railroads and American Economic Growth (Johns Hopkins, 1964)

Ronald Shaw, Canals for a Nation: The Canal Era in the United States, 1790-1860
      (U Kentucky Press, 1990)

 

16. October 29-- Second Hour Exam:

17. For November 5 – Try All Ports: The Heroic Age of American Maritime Enterprise

 

Secondary reading:

Samuel Eliot Morison, Maritime History of Massachusetts (1921)

Robert G. Albion, The Rise of New York Port (1939)

 

18. For November 10Life and Labor Before the Mast


Primary Reading:

Richard Henry Dana, Jr, Two Years Before the Mast ([1840] Signet, 1964), esp. chapters 1-8
     Digital version --  http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/DanTwoy.html


Daniel Vickers, ed., The Autobiography of Ashley Bowen, 1728-1813 (Broadview, 2006)

 

Related Secondary Reading


Daniel Vickers, Young Men and the Sea: Yankee Seafarers in the Age of Sail (2005)

Paul A. Gilje,  Liberty on The Waterfront: American Maritime Culture in the Age of Revolution (UPenn,  2004)

 

19. For November 12Black Jacks


Primary Readings:


Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass [1845]

 

Secondary Reading:

W. Jeffrey Bolster, Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail
     (Harvard,  1997)

 

20. For November 17 Harborside Women & Gay Salts


Elaine Forman Crane, Ebb Tide in New England: Woman, Seaports, and Social Change,
     1630-1800 (1998)

 

Margaret S. Creighton and Lisa Norling, eds., Iron Men, Wooden Woman: Gender and Seafaring in the Atlantic World, 1700-1920
      (Johns Hopkins, 1996)

 

B.R. Burg, ed., An American Seafarer in the Age of Sail: The Erotic Diaries of Philip C. Van Bushkirk, 1851-1870 (Yale,  1994)



21. For November 24   American Whaling as Business

Primary Reading:

Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, or, The Whale [1851] [ Delbanco ed.], chs 1- 52

Related Secondary Reading:

Eric Jay Dolan, Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America  (W/W. Norton, 2007)

Briton Busch, ‘Whaling Will Never Do Me’: The American Whaleman in the Nineteenth
     Century (1994)

Andrew Delbanco, Herman Melville: His World and Work (Knopf, 2005)

 

22. December 1 – American Whaling as Romance

 

Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, or, The Whale [1851] [ Delbanco ed.], chs. 53- Epilogue

 

23. December 3 -- The Beginnings of American Marine Science &  Marine Art

Primary Readings:
Benjamin Franklin, “Sundry Maritime Observations,” 1785

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/libray/readings/gulf/gulf.html


Matthew Maury, The Physical Geography of the Sea  [1855]

 

Related Secondary Reading:

 

Joyce Chaplin, [Benjamin Franklin] The First American Man of Science and
     the Pursuit of Genius (Basic Books, 2006)

D. Graham Burnett,  Trying Leviathan: The 19th-Century New York Court Case That Put the
     Whale and Trial and Changed the Order of Nature (Princeton UP., 2007)

l
Nathaniel Philbrick, Sea of Glory: America’s Voyage of Discovery, the U.S. Exploring
     Expedition, 1838-1842 (2003)

 

Robert V. Bruce, The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846-1876 (Cornell UP,
      1987), esp. “Agassiz’s Boston: The City of Science,” and “Bache and Maury: Barons
      of Bureaucracy,” 29-42, 171-180  [ACLS E-Book].

 

Related  Readings  [On The Sea in the American Imagination]

 

Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Journal Account as Passenger of an Atlantic Voyage,
        December 1832 -February 1833”


Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod ([1862] Penguin, 1987)


Alain Corbin, The Lure of the Sea: The Discovery of the Seaside in the Western World, 1750-1840
     (Polity Press, 1994)

 

William H. Bonner, Harp on the Shore: Thoreau and the Sea (1985)

 

Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture (Knopf, 1977)

John Wilmerding, A History of American Marine Painting (Little Brown, 1968)


Barbara Novak, Nature and Culture: American Landscape Painting, 1825-1875



 

24. December 8 – Coda to an Era: The Short Life of the American Clipper Ship

 

Primary Readings:

Horatio Greenough, Form and Function

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Old Ironsides”

Captain John Cressy, “Log of the Flying Cloud,” June 3 to August 31, 1851

 

Related Secondary Reading

 

Robert Evans, Jr., “’Without Regard for Cost’: The Return on Clipper Ships, The Journal of Political Economy,
     Vol. 72, No. 1 (February 1964), pp. 32-43

 

Carl C. Cutler, Greyhounds of the Sea: The Story of the American Clipper Ship
     ([1930] US Naval Institute Press, 1984)

 

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Postscript Readings

 

Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi ([1883] Penguin, 1984)

Sarah Orne Jewett, The Country of the Pointed Firs ([1896] Modern Library, 1995)

Joshua Slocum, Sailing Alone Around the World ([1900] Penguin, 1999)

Rachel Carson, The Sea Around Us ([1950], Oxford, 1989)
John McPhee, Looking for a Ship (Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990)

 

 



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